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Repositorio de la Red Internacional de Investigadores en Competitividad

Competitividad global y ventaja competitiva

Vol. 19 (2025): La IA y el futuro digital construyendo el camino hacia un mundo sostenible y competitivo 978-84-10470-93-4

Libertad económica y desarrollo: Impacto de la apertura comercial y las instituciones en Europa

Enviado
octubre 30, 2025
Publicado
2025-11-06

Resumen

Este estudio examina el impacto de la libertad económica, la apertura comercial y el entorno institucional en el desarrollo económico en 42 países europeos durante el periodo 2013–2023. A partir de un enfoque cuantitativo con modelos de datos de panel, se analizan las relaciones entre componentes del Index of Economic Freedom y el crecimiento económico. Los resultados muestran que la libertad financiera, la calidad regulatoria y la carga fiscal tienen efectos positivos y significativos sobre el crecimiento económico, mientras que otras dimensiones como la libertad comercial o laboral no presentan efectos estadísticamente relevantes. Estos hallazgos cuestionan enfoques simplificados sobre la desregulación económica, reforzando la tesis institucionalista que destaca la importancia de marcos regulatorios eficientes y sistemas fiscales funcionales. El estudio concluye que la libertad económica es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para el desarrollo económico sostenido.

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